Represents a drawable display target and its host window or video mode.
A Display object owns the bitmap-backed area that is presented to the user. Depending on the active display driver, the object may represent a hosted desktop window, a native full-screen video mode or a platform-managed rendering surface.
Display is a low-level interface for display mode, window and bitmap management. Most application code should create and manipulate Surface objects instead, using Display directly only when it needs to configure the underlying window, display mode, palette, gamma or hardware-facing bitmap.
The Display class consists of the following fields:
Access | Name | Type | Comment | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Bitmap | *Bitmap | Reference to the display's bitmap information. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The Bitmap object describes the drawable pixel region presented by the display. It stores the width, height, colour format, palette and related bitmap state. Display fields mirror the most common bitmap dimensions, so callers rarely need to access the bitmap directly for simple sizing operations. The Bitmap⇒Width and Bitmap⇒Height can be larger than the visible display area, but never smaller. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BmpX | INT | The horizontal coordinate of the bitmap within a display. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This field stores the horizontal offset of the Bitmap relative to the visible display viewport. It is used by drivers that support a bitmap larger than the visible display area. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BmpY | INT | The vertical coordinate of the Bitmap within a display. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This field stores the vertical offset of the Bitmap relative to the visible display viewport. It is used by drivers that support a bitmap larger than the visible display area. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BottomMargin | INT | In hosted mode, indicates the bottom margin of the client window. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
If the display is hosted in a client window, the BottomMargin indicates the number of pixels between the client area and the bottom window edge. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chipset | STRING | String describing the graphics chipset. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This string describes the graphic card's chipset, if known. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Display | STRING | String describing the display (e.g. model name of the monitor). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This string describes the display device that is connected to the user's graphics card. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DisplayMfr | STRING | String describing the display manufacturer. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This string names the manufacturer of the user's display device. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DisplayType | DT | Identifies the active display backend. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This field reports the display driver type, such as native, X11, Windows GDI or OpenGL ES.
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| Flags | SCR | Optional flag settings. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Display flags configure hosted-window behaviour, buffering, visibility, controller grabbing and driver-reported capabilities. After initialisation, only a limited subset can be changed and support for changing window style is platform dependent.
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| Gamma | DOUBLE [] | Contains red, green and blue values for the display's gamma setting. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The gamma settings for the display are stored in this field. The settings are stored in an array of 3 floating point values that represent the red, green and blue colour components. The default gamma value for each component is 1.0. To modify the display gamma values, please refer to the SetGamma() and SetGammaLinear() methods. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| HDensity | INT | Returns the horizontal pixel density for the display. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reading the HDensity field will return the horizontal pixel density for the display (pixels per inch). If the physical size of the display is unknown, a default value based on the platform is returned. For standard desktop systems this will usually be 96. A custom density value can be enforced by setting the Reading this field always succeeds. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Height | INT | Defines the height of the display. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This field defines the visible display viewport height. If the height exceeds allowable limits, it is restricted to a value that the display driver can handle. If the display is hosted, the height reflects the internal height of the host window. On some hosted systems, the true height of the window can be calculated by reading the TopMargin and BottomMargin fields. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| InsideHeight | INT | Represents the internal height of the display. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
On drivers that support a drawable area larger than the visible viewport, InsideHeight reflects the internal bitmap height in pixels. If this feature is not in use, InsideHeight is equal to Height. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| InsideWidth | INT | Represents the internal width of the display. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
On drivers that support a drawable area larger than the visible viewport, InsideWidth reflects the internal bitmap width in pixels. If this feature is not in use, InsideWidth is equal to Width. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LeftMargin | INT | In hosted mode, indicates the left-hand margin of the client window. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
If the display is hosted in a client window, the LeftMargin indicates the number of pixels between the client area and the left window edge. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Manufacturer | STRING | String describing the manufacturer of the graphics hardware. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The string in this field returns the name of the manufacturer that created the user's graphics card. If this information is not detectable, a | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MaxHScan | INT | The maximum horizontal scan rate of the display output device. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
If the display output device supports variable refresh rates, this field will refer to the maximum horizontal scan rate supported by the device. If variable refresh rates are not supported, this field is set to zero. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MaxVScan | INT | The maximum vertical scan rate of the display output device. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
If the display output device supports variable refresh rates, this field will refer to the maximum vertical scan rate supported by the device. If variable refresh rates are not supported, this field is set to zero. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MinHScan | INT | The minimum horizontal scan rate of the display output device. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
If the display output device supports variable refresh rates, this field will refer to the minimum horizontal scan rate supported by the device. If variable refresh rates are not supported, this field is set to zero. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MinVScan | INT | The minimum vertical scan rate of the display output device. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
If the display output device supports variable refresh rates, this field will refer to the minimum vertical scan rate supported by the device. If variable refresh rates are not supported, this field is set to zero. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Opacity | DOUBLE | Determines the level of translucency applied to the display window (hosted displays only). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This field determines the translucency level applied to a hosted display window, expressed as a normalised value. The default setting is 1, which makes the display fully opaque. Lower values make the window more transparent where the host platform supports translucent windows. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PopOver | OBJECTID | Enables pop-over support for hosted display windows. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The PopOver field can be used when a display is hosted as a window. Setting the PopOver field to refer to the object ID of another display will ensure that the host window is always in front of the other display's window (assuming both windows are visible on the desktop). The | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PowerMode | DPMS | The display's power management method. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
When DPMS is supported and Disable() is called, this field identifies the requested power-management mode. DPMS is normally user-configurable, so applications should avoid changing PowerMode without user intent.
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| RefreshRate | DOUBLE | Active display refresh rate. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This field reflects the refresh rate of the currently active full-screen display mode where the driver can report it. Hosted display drivers may leave this value unset or set it to a sentinel value. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ResizeFeedback | FUNCTION | Callback invoked when the display position or size changes. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Set this field to receive display resize feedback from hosted-window events and display-managed coordinate repairs. The callback receives the display object ID, X, Y, Width and Height values. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| RightMargin | INT | In hosted mode, indicates the pixel margin between the client window and right window edge. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Title | STRING | Sets the window title (hosted environments only). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TopMargin | INT | In hosted mode, indicates the pixel margin between the client window and top window edge. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TotalMemory | INT | The total amount of user accessible RAM installed on the video card, or zero if unknown. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TotalResolutions | INT | The total number of resolutions supported by the display. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| VDensity | INT | Returns the vertical pixel density for the display. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reading the VDensity field will return the vertical pixel density for the display (pixels per inch). If the physical size of the display is unknown, a default value based on the platform is returned. For standard desktop systems this will usually be 96. A custom density value can be enforced by setting the Reading this field always succeeds. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Width | INT | Defines the width of the display. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This field defines the visible display viewport width. If the width exceeds allowable limits, it is restricted to a value that the display driver can handle. If the display is hosted, the width reflects the internal width of the host window. On some hosted systems, the true width of the window can be calculated by reading the LeftMargin and RightMargin fields. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| WindowHandle | APTR | Refers to a display object's window handle, if relevant. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This field refers to the platform window handle owned or used by the display. It is relevant only on hosted display backends such as X11 and Microsoft Windows. Set WindowHandle before initialisation to bind the Display object to an existing host window. In that case the display sets | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| X | INT | Defines the horizontal coordinate of the display. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The X field defines the horizontal coordinate of the display. On native full-screen drivers this is a hardware offset and should normally remain zero unless the output device requires adjustment. On hosted displays, prior to initialisation the coordinate will reflect the position of the display window when it is created. After initialisation, the coordinate is altered to reflect the absolute position of the client area of the display window. The LeftMargin can be used to determine the actual position of the host window. To adjust the position of the display, use the MoveToPoint() action rather than setting this field directly. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Y | INT | Defines the vertical coordinate of the display. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The Y field defines the vertical coordinate of the display. On native full-screen drivers this is a hardware offset and should normally remain zero unless the output device requires adjustment. On hosted displays, prior to initialisation the coordinate will reflect the position of the display window when it is created. After initialisation, the coordinate is altered to reflect the absolute position of the client area of the display window. The TopMargin can be used to determine the actual position of the host window. To adjust the position of the display, use the MoveToPoint() action rather than setting this field directly. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The following actions are currently supported:
| Activate | Shows the display. | |||||||||||||||||||
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| Clear | Clears the display's drawable image data. | |||||||||||||||||||
| Disable | Disables the display (goes into power saving mode). | |||||||||||||||||||
ERR acDisable(*Object) Disabling a display requests display power management, where supported by the active driver. The DPMS mode is determined by user and system configuration. The display remains disabled until Enable() is called or the platform restores it. This action does nothing if the display is in hosted mode. Error Codes
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| Draw | Draws object graphics to drawable areas. | |||||||||||||||||||
ERR acDraw(*Object, DOUBLE X, DOUBLE Y, DOUBLE Width, DOUBLE Height)
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| Enable | Restores the display from power saving mode. | |||||||||||||||||||
| Flush | Flushes pending graphics operations to the display driver. | |||||||||||||||||||
ERR acFlush(*Object) Flush synchronises pending X11 requests or flushes OpenGL ES commands where those backends are active. On other drivers it is a harmless no-op. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Focus | Focus on this object in the user interface. | |||||||||||||||||||
| Hide | Hides a display from the user's view. | |||||||||||||||||||
ERR acHide(*Object) Hide removes a hosted display window from view, or releases the visible presentation resources used by native and OpenGL ES drivers. The display remains valid and can be shown again with Show(). The | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Move | Moves the display by a relative offset. | |||||||||||||||||||
ERR acMove(*Object, DOUBLE DeltaX, DOUBLE DeltaY, DOUBLE DeltaZ)
Move adjusts the hosted window or native display position by the supplied delta values. Hosted drivers interpret the movement in window-manager coordinates. Error Codes
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| MoveToBack | Moves the hosted display window behind other windows. | |||||||||||||||||||
ERR acMoveToBack(*Object) This action lowers the host window where the active platform supports window stacking. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| MoveToFront | Moves the hosted display window in front of other windows. | |||||||||||||||||||
ERR acMoveToFront(*Object) This action raises the host window where the active platform supports window stacking. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| MoveToPoint | Move the display to a new position. | |||||||||||||||||||
ERR acMoveToPoint(*Object, DOUBLE X, DOUBLE Y, DOUBLE Z, MTF Flags)
MoveToPoint moves the display to an absolute position. The In a hosted environment, the supplied coordinates describe the host window position. The LeftMargin and TopMargin fields can be used when translating between host window coordinates and client-area coordinates. For full-screen displays, MoveToPoint can alter the screen position for the hardware device managing the display output. This is a rare feature that requires hardware support. Error Codes
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| Redimension | Moves and resizes a display object in a single action call. | |||||||||||||||||||
ERR acRedimension(*Object, DOUBLE X, DOUBLE Y, DOUBLE Z, DOUBLE Width, DOUBLE Height, DOUBLE Depth)
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| Resize | Resizes the dimensions of a display object. | |||||||||||||||||||
ERR acResize(*Object, DOUBLE Width, DOUBLE Height, DOUBLE Depth)
Resize changes the display viewport size and resizes the underlying Bitmap. If a display buffer is active, it is reallocated after the resize. For hosted displays, Error Codes
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| SaveImage | Saves the display bitmap image to a data object. | |||||||||||||||||||
ERR acSaveImage(*Object, OBJECTID Dest, CLASSID ClassID)
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| SaveSettings | Saves the current display settings as defaults. | |||||||||||||||||||
ERR acSaveSettings(*Object) SaveSettings stores supported window and display preferences, such as window position, size, DPMS setting and full-screen state, in the user display configuration. Error Codes
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| Show | Presents a display object to the user. | |||||||||||||||||||
ERR acShow(*Object) Show presents a display object to the user. On hosted platforms this maps or shows the host window. By default the window uses the platform's normal border, title and window controls. The initial window position is determined by the X and Y fields. On native full-screen drivers, showing the display may switch the active video mode and present the display Bitmap across the screen. If In Microsoft Windows, the LeftMargin, RightMargin, TopMargin and BottomMargin fields will be updated to reflect the position of the client area within the hosted window. In X11 these field values are all set to zero. If the window is minimised at the time this action is called, the window will be restored to its original position if the code for the host platform supports this capability. The Error Codes
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The following methods are currently supported:
| GetFrame | Returns window frame size information for hosted displays. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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ERR gfx::GetFrame(OBJECTPTR Object, INT * Left, INT * Top, INT * Right, INT * Bottom)
On hosted displays, GetFrame() returns the thickness of the host window frame around the client display area. Error Codes
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| Minimise | Minimise the desktop window hosting the display. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ERR gfx::Minimise(OBJECTPTR Object) If a display is hosted in a desktop window, Minimise() performs the platform's default minimise action for that window. On Microsoft Windows this normally minimises the window to the taskbar. On X11 the current implementation unmaps the window. Calling Minimise() on a display that is already minimised may restore the host window on some platforms. Treat that behaviour as platform dependent. Error Codes
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| SetDisplay | Changes the current display mode. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ERR gfx::SetDisplay(OBJECTPTR Object, INT X, INT Y, INT Width, INT Height, INT InsideWidth, INT InsideHeight, INT BitsPerPixel, DOUBLE RefreshRate, INT Flags)
SetDisplay() changes the active display mode or hosted display size, depending on the platform. It can alter display position, viewport dimensions, bit depth and refresh rate when the active display driver supports those features. The new settings are applied immediately, although the graphics card, monitor or host window manager may introduce a short delay. To keep any of the display settings at their current value, set the appropriate parameters to zero to leave them unchanged. Only the parameters that you set will be used. If a requested full-screen mode is not available, the driver may choose the closest supported mode. Only the original owner of the display object is allowed to change the display settings. Error Codes
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| SetGamma | Sets the display gamma levels. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ERR gfx::SetGamma(OBJECTPTR Object, DOUBLE Red, DOUBLE Green, DOUBLE Blue, GMF Flags)
The SetGamma method controls the gamma correction levels for the display. Gamma levels for the red, green and blue colour components can be set at floating point precision. The default gamma level for each component is 1.0; the minimum value is 0.0 and the maximum value is 100. Optional flags include If you would like to know the default gamma correction settings for a display, please refer to the Gamma field. Error Codes
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| SetGammaLinear | Sets the display gamma level using a linear algorithm. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ERR gfx::SetGammaLinear(OBJECTPTR Object, DOUBLE Red, DOUBLE Green, DOUBLE Blue, GMF Flags)
SetGammaLinear() updates display gamma values with a linear algorithm where the active driver supports it. Values are clamped to the supported range before being applied. Error Codes
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| SetMonitor | Changes the default monitor settings. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ERR gfx::SetMonitor(OBJECTPTR Object, STRVIEW Name, INT MinH, INT MaxH, INT MinV, INT MaxV, MON Flags)
Use SetMonitor() to change the monitor metadata and scan-rate limits used by native display drivers. Altering the supported frequencies can change the available display resolutions and maximum refresh rate. The auto-detect option requests monitor detection when the desktop starts. If detection fails, the system reverts to its default monitor settings. This method does not work on hosted platforms. All parameters passed to this method are optional (set a value to zero if it should not be changed). Error Codes
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| SizeHints | Sets the width and height restrictions for the host window (hosted environments only). | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ERR gfx::SizeHints(OBJECTPTR Object, INT MinWidth, INT MinHeight, INT MaxWidth, INT MaxHeight, INT EnforceAspect)
If a display is hosted in a desktop window, it may be possible to enforce size restrictions that prevent the window from being shrunk or expanded beyond a certain size. This feature is platform dependent and Error Codes
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| UpdatePalette | Updates the video display palette to new colour values if in 256 colour mode. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ERR gfx::UpdatePalette(OBJECTPTR Object, struct RGBPalette * NewPalette)
Call UpdatePalette() to copy a new palette to the display bitmap's internal palette. If the video display is running in 256-colour mode, the new palette colours are also applied to the display where supported. This method has no visible effect on RGB pixel displays. Error Codes
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| WaitVBL | Waits for a vertical blank. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ERR gfx::WaitVBL(OBJECTPTR Object) WaitVBL() waits for the display to reach vertical blank where the active driver exposes that timing primitive. Drivers that do not support it return Error Codes
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Possible modes for the Display class' PowerMode field.
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| DPMS::DEFAULT | Use the default DPMS mode as defined by the display driver. |
| DPMS::OFF | Stop sending power to the display in order to turn it off (it may not be possible to restart the display without the user's intervention). |
| DPMS::STANDBY | Puts the display into standby (reduced power) mode. |
| DPMS::SUSPEND | Puts the display into suspend mode (blanks the display output while maintaining normal power levels). |
Display backend identities returned by GetDisplayType().
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| DT::GLES | The selected display driver uses OpenGL ES. |
| DT::NATIVE | The selected display driver uses no platform-specific hosted backend. |
| DT::WINGDI | The display is driven by Microsoft Windows drivers. |
| DT::X11 | The display is driven by the X Window System (X11, X.Org, XFree86) |
Flags for gamma operations.
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| GMF::SAVE | Save the provided settings permanently. |
Flags for the Display class SetMonitor() method.
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| MON::AUTO_DETECT | Monitor settings to be auto-detected on startup. |
| MON::BIT_6 | The device is limited to 6-bit colour production in real terms. |
Display flags.
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| SCR::ACTIVE | The display is participating in the desktop view - this does not guarantee it is visible. |
| SCR::ALPHA_BLEND | Enables alpha channel blending (if display is hosted and 32-bit). |
| SCR::AUTO_SAVE | Saves settings to the global display state when the object is freed. |
| SCR::BIT_6 | Display is limited to 6-bit output per colour gun. |
| SCR::BORDERLESS | If display is hosted, create it as a popup / borderless window. |
| SCR::BUFFER | Set if you would like a complementing buffer in video RAM. |
| SCR::COMPOSITE | Enables alpha channel blending (if display is hosted and 32-bit). |
| SCR::CUSTOM_WINDOW | The display has been created with a custom window reference. |
| SCR::DPMS_ENABLED | Power saving through DPMS is supported. |
| SCR::FLIPPABLE | If SCR::BUFFER is used, this flag may be set by the display manager if it is possible to flip the buffer. |
| SCR::GRAB_CONTROLLERS | Grab controllers for receiving input when the display has the focus. |
| SCR::GTF_ENABLED | GTF frequency timings are supported. |
| SCR::HOSTED | The display is a desktop hosted window. |
| SCR::MAXIMISE | Special win32 flag. |
| SCR::MAXSIZE | For GetDisplayInfo() only, indicates that the width and height values indicate the display's maximum size. |
| SCR::MIRRORED | The display is a mirrored copy. |
| SCR::NO_ACCELERATION | 2D graphics card acceleration is not available. |
| SCR::POWERSAVE | Power saving is active (read-only). |
| SCR::PRIMARY | The display is flagged as being the primary. |
| SCR::READ_ONLY | Synonym for MAXIMISE | CUSTOM_WINDOW | FLIPPABLE | GTF_ENABLED | DPMS_ENABLED | POWERSAVE | HOSTED | MAXSIZE | REFRESH | BIT_6 | VISIBLE | NO_ACCELERATION |
| SCR::REFRESH | For GetDisplayInfo() only, used to indicate that a display change has recently occurred and cache refresh is required. |
| SCR::ROTATED | True if the display is rotated. |
| SCR::VIRTUAL | The display is virtual or not visible (device not switched on). |
| SCR::VISIBLE | Set if the screen is on display. |